Concrete floor and ceiling construction.



, P. FILIPPONE.

CONCRETE FLOOR AND CEILING CONSTHUCTIOIJ.

APPucYATmN FILEQ MAR. 1, |918.

1,275,668. Patented Aug.13,.1918V 3 SHEETS-SHl-ET I..

y mvENoR WNJU BYMm/w ATToRNEY rn: mmm: vsn-ns co.. Punto-Limo.. wasumu mu. n. a

APPLICATION FILED MAR.

L ooTm 11H IS u; Am mw t3 w t. uw Dr..

INVENTOR ATTORNEY;

me NoRms wrrsns ca, Fnamu ma.. wAsmnamN. u. c.

vP, HLIPPQNE. I CONCRETE FLOOR AND CEILING CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 7| 1918.

Patented Aug. 13, 1918.

www.. num-'I 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Inti

' INVENTOR ATTORNEY ms nomas wins co.. mima-1.111., w1-swam", r c.

:euren rrnirroivn, or ivnwnnnyivnw innsnv,

Application tiled Merch 7, 1918i. Serial No. 220,951. i

To all whom t may concern: l" y Be it known that I, Pn'rnn Frnirronn, a citizen ofthe United Statesand a resident of Newark, county of Essex, and State of New Llersey, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Concrete Floor and Ceiling Constructions, of which the following is a specieation.

ln the construction `of flat members of concrete, such as oors or the` like, the greater portion of the tensilestrain comes at or near thebottom or lower surface, while stresses at or near the upper surface are largely of compression. Such construction is therefore customarily made up of girders of suitable depthreinforced with steel bars or the like near the lowerpart thereofto take the tensile `strain off the concrete, `such .girder members merging into the floor or other flat upper surface of the concrete near thetop thereof. i y 1 Hollow domes, forms, arches `or the like have been provided tofill. out the spaces between the zggirders while the concrete is being put in place and serve as forms forthe concrete girders which are formed between them, and temporarily support `the concrete of theifloor above them. Sucharches, domes and the like are sometimes removable and `are taken down after` the concrete hasset, -to be again used 1n other places, and 1n some cases, particularly whenmade of material such as sheet steel, they are left permanently in place. has to be madefor securingmetallath, eX- panded metal or the like underneath the structure to take the plaster for the ceiling, and the work of securing such metal lath or the `like in place, and the cost of the metal lath or the like material itself, forms a considerable item `in the cost of construction, and at the same time an element of weakness is introduced, since the fastenings for securing the metal lath or other supportk for the ceiling plaster in place `may be insecure, in whichcase the ceilingforrned by plastering thereon will not be properly supported.

The present invention provides a novel type of domes,arches or the like, for the purpose above referred to, which are `cheap and simple to construct, are` of sufficient strength to bear any strains imposed` thereon during construction y work,` and` which become a permanentpart of thestructure and `arefirmly embedded oranehoredtherein, y

and at the same time the material thereof,

Specification of Lettcrsatent. Patented In either case, special provision concentre rincon Ann cartine eons'rnuc'rroiv.

or part of such material,` may be `used to take the place of the metal lath,`e.\;panded metal. or the like heretofore separately provided to takethe ceiling' plaster, whereby theywork ofpreparing` for and putting the .ceiling `in place` may be materially reduced and the, cost of the ordmaryinetal lath or other material, heretofore used `to take the ceiling plaster, may be,` entirely saved. Also a saving is effected in such double use of valuable material, such as steel, servinoa both as a mold for the concrete and as a permanent base for the ceiling plaster, without any reductionlin the strength of the finished structure, and in fact additional strength may be secured and there can he Anopossi- `bility of the ceiling' or parts of it getting looseior coming' down. y y

\ lVith the foregoing' and related objects in view, my invention lconsists in the steps, processes, elements, con'ibinations and features of construction herein` set forth and claimed. y r Y `In-the accon'ipanying' drawings I have shown certain embodiments of my invention, butit is to be understood that the same are for illustration only and that l2 am not to be y limited to such specific form or forms shown.

.. Inf said drawings, Figure l is a perspective view `of one form of dome for use in concrete work. Fig. 2 is a fragmentary, elevationalview with parts broken away and showing a series ofl arches in place in a concrete'floor. Fig. 3 isa view generally similar toFig.` 2, but showin g domes of slightly modified form with girders running` in both directions and `showing` the reinforcing material of certain of the domes brought down `and rearranged to form a support for ceiling;` plaster. Fig. 4l is a view similar to Fig. 2 but with a modified form of arch, and Fig.

ris a plan view of a sheet of `cardboard or r the likeused in. makingA one form of dome in accordance with my invention. "Fig, `6 is a view of the cardboard afterbeing pressed or otherwiseformed inplace, and Fig.v 7` is aside `vi,ew of the cardboard member" shown in Figpmi.` Fig.,8 is aplan view of a fre- `inforeingmember for `a dome `which may be `of materlal such as wire mesh as shown at theleft hand portion of such figure, or may be ofother material such as expanded metal as shown lin the upper right hand corner thereof. Fig. 9 is a `viewof the reinforcing portion of a domein accordance with my invention formed from the blank of Fig. 8 by Aug. 13, 1918..

40 "arch or dome is exposed at least partially pressing or stamping in place. Fig. 10 is 'a cross-sectional view taken on line 10-10, Fi'g. 9. Fig. l1 is a perspective view of the parts shown in Figs. 6 and 9 assembled together to form a complete dome member. Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view on line 12, 12, Fig. l1, and showing the use of expanded Pmetal instead of wire mesh as is shownin vFigg11,'and 13 is a perspective view of an arch member similar to the dome shown in Fig. 11` but withv the omission of the ends.

The hollow member having the form of a dome', arch or the like, of thepresent in- Ventonincludes, inv general, a meta-l reinforcing'portion which may be of any suitable foraminiferous or reticulated construction, as, for example, mesh formed of wirel Vmay be used, or the use of expanded Vmetal may be resorted to. Such material may be 1in other forms.

A' covering is appliedto the top of the dome or'arch so formed, and such covering 'preferablyextends downward at least part way along the side or sides and ends of the arch or dome and is sufficiently impervious to prevent the passage of water or thinV cement mixture through the forami'niferous reinforcing portion of the' member. Such cov- Yering may be of material such as cardboard,

`strawboard, pasteboard, or any other form kof material which is cheap and light and will serve. at least for a time to lprevent the passage of'thin cement, may be used, the vterm cardboard being hereinafterv employed', but being'intended'as ageneral designation for materials of the sort referred to. The covering material may be corrugatedor otherwise formed or rein-forced so as to obtain the greatest strength possible.

Thereinforcing portion of the hollow so as to lbe secured tovv or embedded in the concrete members as formed, andl this result 'may be obtained in various different' ways, as, for example, in the deines and' arches of Figs. 1 and 2' the impervious covering extends down but Vpartway on the outside of the metallic portion of the member and the lower partof the latter is exposed directly against the concrete when thev latter is put in place, and a` i'vateitiglit'barrier is provided at this portion onthe interior of the member vwhich may, however, be later removed'when thejforms are Vtaken down; In the domey of Fig. 11 and the corresponding y archV of Fig. 13'the water-tightl outer envelfo'ped of the hollow member isbroiight vdown to substantially the bottomof such member, and the` reinforcing material is turned-outwardly at its lower edge and lloecomes Vembedded in the concrete: ymaterial l formi-ng" theY girder.

The reinforcing material of the hollow member at the upper' portion thereof being protected from contact with the cement by or like material 1l, preferably corrugated at its edges, is placed ther-cover and extends downwardly about half way along the sides of the dome member and therebeneath, and

on' the interior of suoli member is provided a removable wall for the exclusion of the passage of water or thin cement and represented by the reference numeral 10. The material for the member 12 may be cardboard or the like suitably fastened to the reticu'lated dome of the wall, or strips of wood may be used, or variousfothei.l niaterials.

In Fig. 2 arches 13 are illustrated, but the hollow members are otherwise similar tothat shown in Fig. 1, the arch form of the reticulated' metal portion being illustrated at 10', the covering, preferably of eorrugated Cardboard, at 11, and the lower water dam or the like arranged at each side being shown at 12. yThese members are spaced apart, as indicated at 14, and suitable supporting device, as a false floor 15, is laid to receive the domes and affords a temporary support while theV construction is being erected; Reinforce members 16 are arranged within the space 14 for the girder and are adapted to take up tensile strains imposed on said girder. The concrete forming the floor and girders is illustrated at 17. At the left hand lower corner of Fig. 2 the reinforcing member 10 is shown brought downward to afford a net-work for the applica-tion of the ceiling plaster. As shown, it is turned" down at a` line indicated by the numeral 18, which is at about the bottom of 'the downwardly extending side portions of the cover 11, the reinforcing member in the neighborhood marked 19, where it is exposed 'to the concrete as the structure is formed,

being embedded therein, at least to some extent, and firmly secured thereto upon the concrete hardening. Such reinforcing meniber-10 is shown extending downwardly at 20 and laterally at 21, the portion 21 being that which receives the plaster for the ceiling.`

In the remaining figures a slightly different formI of hollow member is shown, the impervious covering extending in the niem- `berl shown in these views substantially tothe bottom thereof. Figs., 5 to 11 illustrate the sheet 30 of cardboard is cut to the proper size `to `form a blank and is formed` in ap propriate forming devices, as by means` of dies, for example, a desirable form therefor being illustratedfinFig. 6` in wliichtlie top portion 31 is left plane and the side walls 32 are turned down. and corrugated, as indicated at 33, 33. The lower edge is `preferably also corrugated at 34, 34, Fig. 7;

rlhe reinforcing member is similarly formed. The foraminous metallicblank 40 is illustrated in Fig. 8 made up ofanyjappropriate form` and material.` `Wire mesh `is illustrated at41 for `use as such material, and expandedmetal at 42, but other forms of reticulated metal may be used. Such ma' terial is pressed, stamped or otherwise `formed into deines and arches." ln Figui) a dome is shown havinga flat top portion 43, side members 44 provided with corrugations `.1l-5 and bottom corrugations 46, 46 similar to those given the cardboard and illustrated .in Fig. 7. Preferably suliici ent material is provided `in the blank 40 so that a flange or outward extension `47" may be provided extending outwardly and preferablyupwardly beyond the side walls, clearly shown in Fig. 10. The completed dome""is `shown in `Figfll, in which the properly` formed covering member 30?L isplaced over the similarly formed reinforcing member' 40, leaving the 'marginal extension 47 projecting therearound.

ln Fig, 13 an archis illustrated and its covering is designated by the reference nu- 1neral30. The reinforcingmember 40` `is similar to that of the dome of Fig. 1 1, but

without the ends, and the lateral extensions or fl anges 47 extend beyond the arch member and are adapted to be einbedded`in the concrete. In Fig. 12 a partial cross-sectional view of Fig. 11 is shown, but with expanded metal 48 in place of the wire mesh 40, the outwardly projecting flange of the expanded metal being illustrated at 49.

In Figs. 3 and 4 are shown, respectively,`

concrete structures embodying the use of domes and arches such as shown in Figs. `11

and 13, and it appears in these figures how the projecting flanges 47, 47 are embedded in the concrete of the girders and firmly anchored thereto. As appears clearly in these views, the domes are preferably made nse of when girders running at right angles to one another are to be formed and tensile strain is to be taken in both directions by the reinforcing rods or bars 16, whereas the arch members are placed adjacent to one another, and with their use a fioor structure is obtained having girders and reinforcing bars 16 ruiming in one direction only.

In Fig. 3 a hook 50 isillustrated as applied to the reinforcing material 40 to pull the same down after Itlieconcrete is set and the forms `are reiiloved, and rearrange it in proper position and location to receive and `afford an anchoring for the ceiling plaster.

It `will be noted, however, that somewhat more diiiicultymayjbe encountered 1in properly rearranging such material than in the case of Fig. 2,in which the lower side portion ofthe reinforcing material is embedded in and secured firmly to the concrete of the girder and affords a turningline20 along which the material can be turned down and `below which it is directly received and supported in the concrete of the girder; It `is iquite feasible,lhowever, to make suoli `rearrangement in the construction fshown in Figs. 3`and 4 with only perhaps some slight additionalditiiculties of manipulation, and infeither case it will be seen that the ceiling plaster `is a-ppliedto :retainingmaterial `as wire `mesh, expanded metal or the like,

j ments illustrated are intended `only for affording a clear understanding of my invention and not for purposes ofliinitation, and

`that `changes inayberesorted to `within the `scope of my claims and without departing from my invention or `sacrificing any of im advantages. c o

mold member for concrete floor construction comprisingjtop and side walls of `foraminous metallic material, and an outer covering of light substantially impervious material extending over the top and at least part way down on the sides.

2. A mold member for concrete floor construction comprising top and side walls of foraminous metallic material, and an outer covering of light substantially impervious material exten ding only part way down upon the sides of the metallic material and leaving the lower portion exposed to come in contact with and be embedded in the concrete.

3. A hollow mold member for hollow domed concrete floor construction comprising a hollow shell of :Eoraminous metallic material, and a covering of substantially impervious material extending only part way over the sides of the inetallicmaterial,whereby conerete may come directly in contact with and be keyed to the exposed portion of such iioraminous metallic material.

4. A hollow mold member for hollow domed concrete door construction coinprisinga shell of foraminous metallic material, a substantially impervious cover therefor extending part way over the sides thereof, and

ico

a substantially impervious lining for the rey 'mainder of the sides thereof.

5. A concrete fioor having a plurality of 'dovvnwardl Vdirected recesses formed in its lower portion, the walls and the surfaces thereof about and at the upper parts of said recesses being formed substantially entirely of concrete, sections of foraminous metallic material permanently embedded in the concrete aboutthe margins of the recesses and having portionsV thereof which have served as molds for forming the recess extending across the mouths of the recesses, and plastic 'material beneath thefloor and keyed in said nently secured to the concrete, and deforming the vcovered parts ofthe members by bending to adapt them to take surface plaster, and applying plastic material thereto.

7. The process of making concrete struc- `tures having hollow interior spaces therein which comprises the provision of a mold comprising deformable foraminous material covered in `art with substantially impervious material), putting concrete in place about such mold and permitting it to set, whereby uncovered portions of the foraminous material are permanently secured to the concrete, and deforming the foraininous material to leave a space between it and the concrete.

8. The process of making concrete structures having hollow interior spaces therein which comprises the provision of a mold comprising deformable foraminous material covered in part with substantially impervious material, putting concrete in place about such mold and permitting it to set, whereby uncovered portions of the foraminous niaterial are permanently secui'ed to the concrete, deforming the foraminous material to leave a space between it and the concrete, and applying cemeiititious material to the deformed foraminous material.

.9. The process of constructing concrete Y floors which comprises the provision of a mold comprising deformable foraiiiinous material covered in part with substantially impervious material, putting concrete in place about such mold and permitting it to set, whereby uncovered portions of the foraminous inaterial are pern'ianently secured to the concrete and deforming the foraminous material by pulling it downwardly, leaving a hollow space above it, and applying ceineiititious material to the deformed foraminous material to forni a ceiling beneath the floor.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing,

AI havehereto set my hand, this 5th day of March, i918.

'PETER riLiProNii.

c 'Y Copies of this patent may be obtained for 've cents Veach, byI addressing the "Commissioner of Patents,

washingtm-n. c. 

